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Headstock :
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All of the wood of the neck which is above the nut.
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Tuning keys (also called Tuning Knobs) :
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The pieces you turn in order to tighten or loosen the
strings. (This term includes both the tab you grab and the
shaft the tab is on.)
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Tuning gears :
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The mechanisms on the back side of the headstock, which the
tuning keys go into.
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Tuning pegs :
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The pieces sticking out from the front side of the
Headstock, which the strings wrap onto.
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The nut :
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The piece which divides the Headstock from the fretboard, on
the front side of the neck. It's the piece which forms the
top limit of how much of the string can vibrate, when hit.
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Frets :
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The metal pieces inset into the front side of the neck.
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Fretboard :
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The entire front surface of the neck between the body and
the soundhole. The term also includes the frets which are
on it, although a purist might say it's just the special
wood on the front of the neck.
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Neck :
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This term includes the entire portion of the guitar that
attaches to the body. (Every definition I've mentioned so
far, lumped together.)
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Body :
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This term includes the entire box which the neck attaches
to.
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Face (also called Front) :
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The surface of the body which has soundhole, bridge, and
pickguard on it.
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Back :
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The surface of the body which is opposite the Face, against
the player's body when in normal playing position.
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Sides :
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The wood of the body which connects the face with the back.
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Soundhole :
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The hole in the face of the body, that allows the sound to
echo inside.
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Pickguard :
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The flat plate next to the soundhole, which guards the body
against being scratched by the guitar pick (when being
played with a pick).
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Bridge :
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The wooden piece which hold the saddle and has holes in it
for the bridge pins to stick into.
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Saddle :
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A piece of the guitar which holds the string away from the
body's surface, and creates a bottom limit to how much of
the string can vibrate when hit. On an electric guitar, you
might find several saddles, one for each string - but on an
acoustic guitar, there's usually only one saddle which
services all of the strings. This is usually a long bar
which is resting on edge in a slot in the bridge. You can
think of this as that the strings "ride" on the
saddle.
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Bridge pins :
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The pegs which stick into holes in the bridge,
"pinning" the ends of the strings in place.
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Strings :
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Everyone knows this one, right? The long pieces of wire
that vibrate when hit.
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Head (also called Top End) :
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The end of the guitar where the Headstock is.
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Foot (also called Bottom End) :
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The end of the guitar farthest away from the Head.
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